• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The system and procedure of lighting for greenhouses using alternative energies, consists of the use in the greenhouses of electrical installations that feed the LED diodes that illuminate the crops with electric current coming from alternative energies, adding some controls or controls of the photoperiods required by each one of the crops that are made at a certain time. A microprocessor or integrated circuit controls its intensity and color or wavelength as an element that favors food, flowering and growth, increasing agricultural production and reducing costs. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2668977A1
    申请号:ES201601041
    申请日:2016-11-21
    公开日:2018-05-23
    发明作者:Manuel MUÑOZ SÁIZ
    申请人:Manuel MUÑOZ SÁIZ；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    LIGHTING SYSTEM AND PROCEDURE FOR
    GREENHOUSES USING ALTERNATE ENERGIES
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION. In culture systems through
    greenhouses
    STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE. The current greenhouses lack lighting that facilitates the feeding, flowering and growth of plants, with this system this problem is solved
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
    Object of the invention and advantages
    Provide a simple, useful and economical plant cultivation system. Which by increasing production reduces costs. Apply a lighting system through alternative energies, which facilitates the feeding, growth and flowering of plants.
    Facilitate photosynthesis of plants.
    Protect the ozone layer and the environment.
    Use alternative energies for temperature and humidity control. Problem to solve. Lack of lighting or slow growth of crops in
    Greenhouses ~ especially in the Nordic countries and the high costs necessary for such crops. With the present invention, the increase in production is achieved at a low cost. This can even benefit night cultivation, taking into account the photoperiod of each plant. The deficiencies that occur due to lack of light. with respect to the feeding, flowering and growth of the plants are resolved with the present invention. Being able to apply even in places where the use of greenhouses is currently forbidden, when it is due to lack of light, due to the slowdown in plant growth.
    The system and procedure of lighting for greenhouses using alternative energies, consists in the use in the greenhouses of electrical installations that feed the LEDs that illuminate the crops with electric current coming from alternative energies, adding controls or controls of the photoperiods required by each one of the cullivos that are carried out in a certain moment. controlling its intensity and color or wavelength as an element that favors food, flowering and growth, increasing agricultural production and
    reducing your costs The photoperiod is the number of continuous hours of light that you receive
    a plant in a 24 hour period. I additionally control the internal states
    of humidity, temperature, etc. from the greenhouse.
    Energy can be applied from wind systems that transform the
    5 Wind energy in electrical energy.
    Solar energy can be used, which directly applies the current
    captured with photovoitaic panels, although other systems can also be used
    solar.
    You can also use energy from sea waves and other types of energy,
    10 renewable or not, zero or low cost.
    The plants make their own food.
    Plant feeding comprises three stages: taking substances from the soil
    and from the air, transfonting these substances into food and distributing the food throughout the
    plant. Also, to take advantage of their food, plants need to breathe
    J 5 permanently, like the rest of the beings I saw you.
    Vegetables make their own food from:
    a) Water and mineral leaks, which they take from the soil through their roots.
    b) Gases that take from the air and penetrate its leaves.
    e) Sunlight.
    twenty With these components the plants manufacture other more complex substances that
    They use to grow and perform vital functions. Part of the food they do not use in
    These functions are stored in their leaves, in their roots, in their fruits and in their seeds.
    Plants drink water and mineral salts by the root, and carbon dioxide by the
    leaves.
    25 Water and mineral salts enter the root through absorbent hairs and
    They mix a mixture, called raw sap. The raw sap goes up the stem to the leaves to
    through very thin tubes, ll beloved woody vessels.
    Carbon dioxide enters the leaves through very small openings
    called stomata
    30 Photosynthesis is the process that plants perform to make their food.
    Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves. Water and mineral salts of the sap
    Crude are combined with carbon dioxide and are transferred into processed sap, which
    It is the food of the plant. To transform the raw sap into processed sap, the plant
    It needs sunlight.
    Plants capture sunlight using a substance called chlorophyll, which is green. As a result of photosynthesis, plants eliminate oxygen. The elaborate sap that has been produced in the leaves is distributed throughout the plant through tubes called Liberian vessels or FLOEMA vessels. These glasses are
    5 different from the woody vessels or XILEMA vessels that carry the raw sap. Thus, the two types of sap never mix. This distribution is necessary, as there are parts of the plant, such as the root or stems, in which photosynthesis does not occur and need to receive food.
    Like all living things, they must breathe. To do this, they take oxygen from the air and
    10 expel carbon dioxide. The oxygen is combined with food for energy. Plants breathe continuously, both day and night. All parts of your body need oxygen. Plants perform photosynthesis to make their food. For this they need water, mineral salts, carbon dioxide and sunlight.
    Plants also produce oxygen, which is released into the atmosphere. This oxygen 15 is what we use all living things to breathe.
    The plants. Algae and some microorganisms are photoautotrophic organisms that capture light energy and use it in the synthesis of carbohydrates such as glucose (formed from carbon dioxide and water). Through photosynthesis, vegetables make their food and obtain the energy necessary for its existence.
    20 Summarizing in the feeding of the plants they take part: -Absorption: The roots absorb the water and the minerals of the earth. · Circulation: Brings the water and minerals absorbed to the leaves. (Gross sap)
    • Photosynthesis: In the leaves the chlorophyll of the leaves catches the sunlight. With the sunlight and carbon dioxide, the raw sap is transformed into processed sap, the plant's food. In addition the plant produces 02 that ejects through the leaves.
    - Breathing: Plants take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. The process occurs mainly in the leaves and green stems. Breathing is done both day and night. It is the only function they perform at night.
    The photosynthesis involved: 30 Light energy: impacts the leaves and is absorbed by the pigment
    photosensitive of the plant, chlorophyll. Water: It reaches the leaves through the roots and stems. Chlorophyll: Pigment of green color contained in the c1oroplast. Be
    responsible for the absorption of light, to carry out photosynthesis.
    Carbon dioxide: It is absorbed by tiny pores, called stomata, at the bottom of the leaf. Oxygen: byproduct of photosynthesis. It leaves the leaves outward through the stomata.
    Glucose is synthesized from carbon dioxide and the water they drink from the environment. Light energy triggers the entire process and oxygen is a waste that is released into the environment.
    Vegetable pigments absorb light of certain wavelengths and - in turn - reflect others. Among them, chlorophyll absorbs the wavelengths of violet, blue and red colors from light and reflects those corresponding to green.
    Chlorophyll a is the pigment that participates in the synthesis of the food. Chlorophyll b and another group of pigments called carotenoids absorb different wavelengths than chlorophyll a. These two pigments transfer energy to chlorophyll a. There are several types of chlorophylls.
    Chlorophyll is found in cellular organelles called chloroplasts, chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs. In each chloroplast there is a series of membranes that contain the photosynthetic pigments, the thylakoids.
    In one stage, photosynthesis is light dependent, where pigments absorb wavelengths that "break" or break down water molecules (H20) that the plant incorporates from the outside environment. This stage results in hydrogen ions (H +), which participate in the next stage, and oxygen (02) that is released into the environment as waste.
    In a second stage, which is not dependent on light, the carbon dioxide (C02) that the vegetable incorporates from the external environment is combined with the hydrogen ions (1-1 +) resulting in the previous stage. Energy is used in this process, that is, it is an anabolic reaction and its product is glucose, a carbohydrate that stores the energy needed for the life of the vegetables.
    Visible light is composed of radiations between 380 nm (blue) to 740 nm (red), Of interest to plants we have blue, (between 400 and 500 nm, one green (color that plants do not absorb), one red, which includes the so-called far red, Rojol Red far, Red (600-700nm) and Red far or near infrared (706-740 nm).
    Blue is responsible for vegetative growth (which occurs after germination and until flowering).
    A low red / red ratio favors more length between leaves on the same stem. Blue and red: This combination favors flowering. The amount or number of photons capable of photosynthesis that a surface receives during a day (OLI) of the Daily Light Integral.
    Phytochrome is a protein with kinase activity present in plant organisms, whose function is to act as a photoreceptor mainly of red light (600-700nm) and distant red light (700-800nm), thanks to its chromophore. The phytochrome depending on the type of light detected can trigger different responses in the plant, such as flowering, gennination, growth as an escape response to the shadow development of epicotyls at night and cotyledons during the day-, regulation of the expression of metabolic activity during day and night (circadian rhythms).
    The percentage of germination is maximum when the seeds are irradiated with a pulse of red light (R). If a subsequent irradiation is done with a distant red light (RL) pulse, it cancels the red light inducing effect, preventing germination.
    Alternating irradiations with light R and RL (R, R + RL, R + RL + R, R + RL + R + RL, etc.) show that the last color applied determines the germination of the seeds and that the light red constitutes the stimulating factor of the process and, its inhibitor, the distant red light.
    LED diodes are used that therefore provide the color Blue, Red and Far Red.
    Heat or cold can also be applied with alternative energies.
    The cold can be controlled additionally with ventilation using windows or gates and with the action of the wind.
    For cold places it is recommended to carry out underground, underground or semi-underground greenhouses, that is to say, carried out by drilling some enclosures or ships on the surface of the land. In this way, they partially protect themselves from the cold and applying artificial light can be grown in semi-temperate areas.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Figure 1 shows partially and very briefly how photosynthesis is performed in plants or plants.
    Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a possible greenhouse lighting system using the system of the invention.
    MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A RENALIZATION FORM OF THE INVENTION
    The invention, figure 2, shows the controlled application of the combination to a greenhouse. The solar energy captured and converted by the solar panels (1) into electrical energy, is applied together with that of a generator (3) driven by a wind turbine (2) to
    5 a battery (4) from which a microprocessor (which can be an integrated circuit) and the lighting controllers (16) of the greenhouse LEDs (5) are fed. To the microprocessor (12), photoperiod control signals (I3) (depending on the type of crop), meteorological data (14), internal temperature, humidity data, etc., (15) hour, day and station of the microprocessor are applied afto. The latter can be provided by the
    10 microprocessor clock. Once the data is processed, control signals are sent to the gates (8) or aeration windows, to the temperature control (9), to the humidity control (10) and to the lighting control (16) that controls the moment, the Time and intensity of the multiple LED lighting diodes: Blue diodes DA, Red diodes DR, DRL far red diodes, and error messages (1 1). He
    The temperature control can heat the air in the greenhouse with resistors and electric current from the battery, or introduce cold air by opening the floodgates. The humidity control acts by introducing moist air into the greenhouse, evaporating water, or reducing it by aeration OR with a dehumidifier, but always using alternative energies.
    20 Figure I shows in a plant, the raw sap (7), water and mineral salts enter through the root up the stem to the leaves through woody vessels or XILEMA vessels, in black color. Carbon dioxide enters the leaves through stomata. Photosynthesis is the process performed on the leaves to make their food. The water and mineral salts of the raw sap are combined with carbon dioxide and
    25 transform into the elaborate sap (6), for this you need the sunlight, which captures it. with chlorophyll. As a result of photosynthesis, the plants eliminate 02. The elaborated sap is distributed by the Liberian vessels or FLOEMA vessels throughout the plant, (in white color). Plants breathe take 02 from the air and expel C02. The oxygen is combined with food for energy. The plants capture energy
    30 light and use it in the synthesis of carbohydrates such as glucose (formed from carbon dioxide and water). Through photosynthesis, vegetables make their food and obtain the energy necessary for its existence. In addition, the plant produces 02 that is expelled by the leaves through the stomata.
    Breathing: Plants take oxygen and. they expel carbon dioxide .. It is the only one
    function they perform at night. Glucose is synthesized from the dioxide of
    carbon and the water they drink from the environment. The light energy triggers all the
    process and oxygen is a waste that is released into the environment.
    5 Chlorophyll absorbs the wavelengths of violet, blue and red and light colors from light
    reflects those that correspond to green. In one stage photosynthesis is dependent on the
    light, where pigments absorb wavelengths that "break" or break down
    water molecules (H20) that the vegetable incorporates from the outside environment. Of this stage
    hydrogen ions (H +) result, participating in the next stage, and oxygen (02) that
    l O It is released to the medium as waste. In a second stage, which is not dependent on the
    light, the carbon dioxide (C02) that the vegetable incorporates from the outside environment is combined
    with the hydrogen ions (H +) resulting in the previous stage. In this process it is used
    energy, that is, it is an anabolic reaction and its product is glucose, a carbohydrate
    It stores the energy necessary for the life of vegetables.
    fifteen
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    l. Lighting system for greenhouses using alternative energies, using wind, solar and wave energy in greenhouses, which consists in the use in greenhouses of electrical installations that feed the LEDs that illuminate the crops with electric current coming from alternative energies, adding controls or controls of the photoperiods required by each of the crops that are
    perform at a given time, controlling its intensity and color or length of
    Wave as an element that favors food, flowering and growth, applying heat or cold using alternative energy, additionally controlling the internal humidity and temperature of the greenhouse.
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that as alternative energies wind energy is used, where a wind turbine drives an electric generator.
    [3]
    3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that, as alternative energies, rotary panels are used.
    [4]
    Four. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the LEO diodes are colored Azu l.
    [5]
    5. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the LEO diodes are of Red illumination.
    [6]
    6. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the LEO diodes are far red.
    [7]
    7. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature is controlled by ventilation using windows or gates and the action of the wind.
    [8]
    8. System according to claim 1, characterized in that in cold places underground, underground or semi-underground greenhouses are used, that is, made by drilling some enclosures or ships on the surface of the land.
    [9]
    9. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar energy captured and converted by the solar panels (1) into electrical energy, is applied together with that of a generator (3) driven by a wind turbine (2) to a battery (4) from which a microprocessor and greenhouse lighting controllers are fed (5).
    [10]
    10. Lighting procedure for greenhouses using alternative energies, which consists of supplying LED diodes that illuminate the crops with electric current from alternative energies with electrical installations, adding controls or controls of the photoperiods required by each of the
    crops that are carried out at a given time, controlling their intensity and color or wavelength as a food, notion or growth promoting element, and applying heat or cold using alternative energies, additionally controlling the internal humidity and temperature states of the greenhouse. .
    Method according to claim 10, characterized in that a microprocessor is applied with photoperiod control signals (depending on the type of crop), weather damage, internal temperature, humidity, time, day and season data of the year, that is provided by the microprocessor clock, once the data is processed, control signals are sent to the aeration gates or windows, to the
    10 lighting control that controls the timing, time and intensity of the LED lighting diodes used: DA blue diodes, DR red diodes, DRL far red diodes, and fault messages.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
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